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What makes a great teacher? Part II

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N.Beltov
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Joined: May 25 2003

Skinny Dipper wrote:

I read the very lengthy piece.  I enjoyed many of the comments.

 

Here's one of them:

Jason W of Rio e Janeiro wrote:
I am currently a research assistant at the State University of Rio de Janeiro. Here we have developed a project in which we are teaching public school teachers from Rio how to engage children, adolescents, and adult students in philosophical dialogue. We are not data collectors, nor are we following any mechanical program. We do meet for hours on end as a research team amongst ourselves and with teachers. We do ask and discuss over and over again what makes a teacher great. Amongst the results we have seen in our teacher ed. program are 1. Adult and adolescent students staying in school rather than dropping out. 2. Students improving their reading and critical thinking abilities 3. Teachers recruiting other teachers from other schools to get involved in the program (we started in one school and three other schools asked to join in). 4. Students from other classes not involved in the program asking to get their teachers involved.

In my experience here in Brasil and as a teacher in a Chicago Public High School for three years I strongly believe that great teachers CAN be cultivated, but this takes patient nurturing. What type of nurturing?

Simone Weil once wrote that "The authentic and pure values-truth, beauty and goodness- in the activity of a human being are the result of one and the same act, a certain application of the full attention to the object. Teaching should have no aim but to prepare, by training the attention, for the possibility of such an act."

Great teachers attend to their students as full human beings, not merely as children/adolescents being trained to enter the job market, not merely as vessels to be filled with information. They have cultivated their attention to the world, others, themselves and this shows in their attention to their work.

A second way to nurture great teachers is through teaching teachers the art of dialogue (and there are some great School of Ed. profs. in the US that do this). When students are engaged in problematizing the world they live in, when they are engrossed in examining areas of knowledge with other interlocutors (the teacher included) they are learning how to learn and they are motivated to learn on their own. Teachers and students alike become more involved in the world they live in by calling the world they live in into question. Likewise, when students and teachers are allowed to inquiry into the problematical nature of the areas under study they become more engaged in the actual studying of the area.

The third aspect of cultivating a great teacher is by allowing teachers to diverge from the "quest for certainty" that testing and data collection seek and instead practice what Keats once called ‘negative capability'-the ability to live in mystery, uncertainty and doubt. The teacher/student/knowledge encounter is full of uncertainty/mystery/doubt. We must foster a teacher disposition that is capable of flourishing in this encounter.

Finally, I think that the article shows that teachers must be knowledgeable in their subject areas. Knowledge in this case grants freedom-the freedom to create.

The above may all sound a bit romantic but keep in mind that it is based on years of teaching experience in one of the ‘toughest' public schools in Chicago and in the favelas of Rio de Janeiro where class size reaches over 40, sometimes schools lack even water, and parents work days and nights.

We can and must cultivate great teachers. We have no other choice.

Highlights by me.

 


ebodyknows
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Joined: Feb 11 2008

Caissa wrote:

In my many years as a student I had more good teachers than I had bad ones. I can say the best ones were incredibly diverse. The bad ones, at least in my public school experience, all had one thing in common, poor classroom management skills.

Can you elaborate what you mean here by poor classroom management skills?    While I do see how one student who gets the mind to can ruin it for everyone I cringe when I suspect someone is correlating good disipline to good teaching.  I am hoping this is not what you mean.  This attitude on my part comes from working with one teacher in particular who was adept a keeping the students quiet and bored.  She was good at teaching obedience, which is fine if that is your goal.  Personally I feel the best classroom managment you can do is to make the learning experience truly engaging(easier said than done I know),  for me there is a very important distinction between teaching a respect for learning and teaching obedience.

In general I think being conscious of what we are teaching is an important piece of information missing from this discussion(I'm guessing anyway as I haven't read all of the old thread.).   I Just don't know how you can decide what qualities make a good teacher unless you decide what it is you want to teach.  Even if you decide you want to teach addition you are always also teaching something else through whatever approach you might use in teaching addition.  Let's take individualism vs. co-operation for example.  How many people do you know that hated group work in school?  How many of them had more than just the occasional token group work assignment in school?

 

edit: Ok, I read some more, I see Tommy_Paine mentioned it way back around post 15 of the original...but then the union thing became more interesting to everyone. I award 500 points to Tommy.


N.Beltov
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Joined: May 25 2003

1. The Standard Reference on Classroom Management - in at least one Faculty of Education in BC - is the book "Classroom Management: A thinking and caring approach" by Barrie Bennett and Peter Smilanich. The contents include:

 

-effective and ineffective teachers

- why students misbehave

- preventing misbehaviour

- role of cooperative learning

- theory of bumping. See the following link:

www.nipissingu.ca/education/mariacw/EDUC4128/Resources/TheBumpingModel.doc

 

2. Group work is considered as extremely important. So much so, in fact, that prospective teachers are expected to demonstrate skill in this area themselves ... as a prerequisite, presumably, to teaching others. It really is a very important kind of learning. See the quote above on the use of dialogue, etc.


ebodyknows
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Joined: Feb 11 2008

by way of explanation I grew up with this hanging in my bedroom.  I wonder what that was intended to teach me?

 

N.Beltov wrote:

2. Group work is considered as extremely important. So much so, in fact, that prospective teachers are expected to demonstrate skill in this area themselves ... as a prerequisite, presumably, to teaching others. It really is a very important kind of learning. See the quote above on the use of dialogue, etc.

Does it have a place in the heirarchy of of skills/competencies/qualities to be fostered in any of the curriculums throughout the country?  Is there any kind of prioritization of skill/competencies/qualities to be taught? 

Is group work being given more attention now than it has been in the past? I don't remember very much of it during my schooling in the 80's/90's? How far have we come?  How effective do you estimate(assuming this would be a terribly difficult thing to objectively test) we general are in nuturing co-operation skills within the public school system?

 


N.Beltov
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Joined: May 25 2003

Here's a kind of lesson plan for Grade 10 on the Struggle for Human Rights. Note the use of group activities in the plan.  The example is from BC.


vmichel
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Joined: Feb 5 2010

Sven wrote:

If student learning cannot be evaluated, then I agree that teacher performance, likewise, cannot be evaluated.

But, if student learning can be evaluated -- then teacher performance can also be evaluated.

 

I am a teacher, and I agree that student learning can and should be evaluated in order to evaluate teachers.

 

The problem is that effectively evaluating student learning costs time and money. By way of example, I evaluate my students' reading levels at three points during the year. Each time requires three solid days of nothing but one on one assessment - me and a kid, reading aloud, one at a time. I get excellent data from this. The state-mandated standardized reading assessments are complete crap, and test nothing of value. But they are cheap, hence they are used. The state can't or won't pay for an army of teachers to come in and assess students individually, but that is really what is required in order to get accurate data.

 

I'd love to be able to submit my own data for an evalutation of my effectiveness, but I understand that's the fox guarding the henhouse. I wish the state would send in independent teachers to evaluate my kids thoroughly, so that I could get some independent validation that I'm doing the right thing!

 

I fight against using standardized tests to measure teacher performance. I don't disagree with the concept of evaluating teacher performance by evaluating student learning -- quite the opposite, I embrace that concept wholeheartedly. But fill-in-the-bubble standardized tests are cheap and inaccurate and no one, least of all professional teachers, should be evaluated on the basis of the crap data those tests produce.


ebodyknows
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Joined: Feb 11 2008

N.Beltov wrote:

Here's a kind of lesson plan for Grade 10 on the Struggle for Human Rights. Note the use of group activities in the plan.  The example is from BC.

Sorry if I ask too many big questions at a time.

Is this a lesson you've tried out in class?


N.Beltov
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Joined: May 25 2003

deleted.


ebodyknows
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Joined: Feb 11 2008

double post


ebodyknows
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Joined: Feb 11 2008

I can respect you're desire to be anonymous. Can you at least appreciate my feelings that I haven't actually learned much in this thread?


al-Qa'bong
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Joined: Feb 27 2003

I like this quotation:

 

N.Beltov wrote:

 

Jason W of Rio e Janeiro wrote:

...In my experience here in Brasil and as a teacher in a Chicago Public High School for three years I strongly believe that great teachers CAN be cultivated, but this takes patient nurturing. What type of nurturing?


Great teachers attend to their students as full human beings, not merely as children/adolescents being trained to enter the job market, not merely as vessels to be filled with information. They have cultivated their attention to the world, others, themselves and this shows in their attention to their work.

A second way to nurture great teachers is through teaching teachers the art of dialogue (and there are some great School of Ed. profs. in the US that do this). When students are engaged in problematizing the world they live in, when they are engrossed in examining areas of knowledge with other interlocutors (the teacher included) they are learning how to learn and they are motivated to learn on their own. Teachers and students alike become more involved in the world they live in by calling the world they live in into question. Likewise, when students and teachers are allowed to inquiry into the problematical nature of the areas under study they become more engaged in the actual studying of the area.

The third aspect of cultivating a great teacher is by allowing teachers to diverge from the "quest for certainty" that testing and data collection seek and instead practice what Keats once called ‘negative capability'-the ability to live in mystery, uncertainty and doubt. The teacher/student/knowledge encounter is full of uncertainty/mystery/doubt. We must foster a teacher disposition that is capable of flourishing in this encounter...

 

...We can and must cultivate great teachers. We have no other choice.

 

 

Even though I appreciate diverging from the "quest for certainty," and do so whenever possible, I find that students desire a lot of certainty.  This desire can manifest itself in such ways as equating each red mark on a paper with a specific percentage value and wanting to know exacly how many classes they can get away with skipping before their marks become adversely affected.

"Cultivate" is a good way of describing how teachers (and students) are able to improve.  We aren't widgets being stamped out of a die (I've had arguments with instructors over this one), but living beings who need weed-free, fertile growing media for us to be able to thrive.


ebodyknows
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Joined: Feb 11 2008

al-Qa'bong wrote:

 but living beings who need weed-free, fertile growing media for us to be able to thrive.

Can you explain what the metaphorical 'weeds' might be in or did you intend to keep it ambiguous?


al-Qa'bong
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Joined: Feb 27 2003

Wax on, wax off.


al-Qa'bong
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Joined: Feb 27 2003

Quote:
Teachers have always been devalued in the United States, but in the past months the pace and intensity of the attacks have escalated sharply. Spurred by the June 2 deadline for the second round of Race to the Top, states have raced to fire more teachers, tie pay and evaluation to student test scores, close or reconstitute more schools, and disempower teachers' unions and teaching as a profession-trampling teachers, students, and communities in the process.

What's Up with All the Teacher Bashing?

A few days ago I had a conversation with a teacher from Ontario who told me that she and her colleagues are facing similar attacks, as if Mike Harris had never left.  Things don't seem so bleak here, although our union and management aren't negotiating right now.  There are grumblings that we might be out on the ol' picket line come September.


N.Beltov
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Joined: May 25 2003

In Nazi occupied France, the fascists "softened up" the population by a vitriolic attack on teachers. Plus ça change, ...

 

(Stromboulopoulos noted that in Love, Hate, and Propaganda recently.)


Sven
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Joined: Jul 22 2005

I think that people are very disappointed with the results of public education, particularly in urban areas.

And, it's not due to a lack of funding.

Education spending over the few decades has far outstripped inflation.  Between 1984 and 2004, per-pupil spending in real dollars in the U.S. increased by almost 50% (per-pupil spending exceeded inflation by 49%).  In 1970-71, per-pupil expenditures were about $4,000 (in 2006 dollars) and about $9,200 in 2006 (again in 2006 dollars) - that's a 130% increase in real per-pupil spending.

In Washington D.C., total expenditures on public schools a couple of years ago were $1.212 billion for an official enrollment of 49,422 students (that's about $24,000 per pupil - an amount that would pay almost half of a college degree [tuition, books, fees, and room & board] at the University of Minnesota).

Throwing money at the problem will do no good if there are systemic problems.  And, a key systemic problem is that teachers are not paid for performance.  If two teachers with the same number of years' of experience and the same education qualifications are teaching at the same school, the teachers will likely be paid the same thing, even if one teacher is a stellar instructor and the other teacher only puts in the absolute bare minimum effort to keep his or her job.  That's not so much a problem with the teachers as it is a problem with a system which doesn't reward the stellar teachers and doesn't flush out the marginal teachers.

Probably the biggest factor (for good or ill) is parental involvement in their kids' education.  But, that's hard to control or even influence.  What can be determined is the structure of the system within the four walls of the school.  And, the current system, despite gobs of money being thrown at it, is unlikely to deliver the results we should be expecting.

So, I don't think the focus should be on "bashing teachers".  Instead, we should be bashing a bloated, inefficient, and ineffective system of teaching.


N.Beltov
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Joined: May 25 2003

Introducing "performance based" teaching renumeration is really no better than the fascists. The aim is the same: to attack teachers. All the talk is goddam window dressing.This monstrosity presumes that all neighbourhoods are the same and that, therefore, one dollar spend in a rich neighbourhood has the same effect as a dollar spent in a poor neighbourhood. It doesn't.

...........................

Edited to add: Here in BC and Canada, the Fraser Institute's market idolatry has led that monstrous institution to set up a kind of school ranking that is noisily publicized by the private for-profit newspapers here. All sides, including the extreme right wing "Liberal" regime of Campbell agree that this does more harm than good. Why follow a stupid idea with more of the same?

Why, because someone can make money from it, that's why. And money, not human or child development, is God for some.

.....................................

But rich people love this shit. They want nothing to do with public education, would rather send their little bastards to private schools, and so on. The public system in the USA has been destroyed by this crap. And, 5th columnists and other conservative minded traitors in this country want to import this garbage?

Another Yanqui import that, along with all the frakkin handguns, should be sent back to from whence they came.


Sven
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Joined: Jul 22 2005

N.Beltov wrote:

Introducing "performance based" teaching renumeration is really no better than the fascists. The aim is the same: to attack teachers.

Actually, it's not.  The aim is to get the best possible educational results for the dollars spent.


N.Beltov
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Joined: May 25 2003

That's simply propaganda. There are plenty of resources to show the horrific consequences of this sort of terrible policy.The poorer "results" in poor neighbourhoods, for example, reflects on a teacher in such a school through no fault of their own.This fantasy of a level playing field is the same sort of market idolatry that is sending the US educational system to hell.

Do your goddam homework and don't waste the timne of progrssive people with this shit. 

The Rouge Forum

The Little Education REport

 

 


N.Beltov
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Joined: May 25 2003

Performance-based renumeration - based on putting human and child development ahead of market idolatry - for conservative politicians would, however, be a great idea. They'd all be fired. And that would be a good thing.


Caissa
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Joined: Jun 14 2006

Sven himself made the greatest argument against performance based remuneration when he wrote:Probably the biggest factor (for good or ill) is parental involvement in their kids' education.  But, that's hard to control or even influence.


Sven
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Joined: Jul 22 2005

Caissa wrote:

Sven himself made the greatest argument against performance based remuneration when he wrote:Probably the biggest factor (for good or ill) is parental involvement in their kids' education.  But, that's hard to control or even influence.

Actually, that observation would be correct if teachers were irrelevant and the only factor dictating school outcomes was the degree of parental involvement.  But, that is clearly not the case.


Caissa
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Joined: Jun 14 2006

I'm not going down another debate about teacher efficacy other than to say that the primary influence on students academic success is their parents involvement or lack thereof.


Sven
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Joined: Jul 22 2005

Caissa wrote:

I'm not going down another debate about teacher efficacy other than to say that the primary influence on students academic success is their parents involvement or lack thereof.

With that I totally agree.


N.Beltov
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Joined: May 25 2003

Social class is the biggest factor in determining student success.

2. Bowles and Gintis demonstrated that what schools do, above all, is to reproduce social classes that already exist. Look it up.

3. Furthermore, How MUCH schooling children get - elementary, secondary, college, university, is directly connected to parental social class. There are plenty of studies - and some of which are in Cananda - that have demonstrated this.

 


Sven
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Joined: Jul 22 2005

N.Beltov wrote:

Social class is the biggest factor in determining student success.

2. Bowles and Gintis demonstrated that what schools do, above all, is to reproduce social classes that already exist. Look it up.

3. Furthermore, How MUCH schooling children get - elementary, secondary, college, university, is directly connected to parental social class. There are plenty of studies - and some of which are in Cananda - that have demonstrated this.

I don't disagree with that and, so, let's stipulte that social class significantly affects (but is not determinative of) educational outcomes.

That may be an argument for why lower class sizes (as an example) may be more appropriate in schools which serve low-income populations (relative to schools which serve higher-income populations). But, that's not an agrument for having stellar teachers compensated at the same rate as slug teachers (or for not getting rid of slug teachers).


N.Beltov
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Joined: May 25 2003

The whole thing is premised on some rather empty headed view of "results". Teaching creative and critical thinking are excluded, by definition, because such things are virtually impossible to quantify.That's just one example. The whole shebang goes back to a fetish for testing, endlessly, as though that has anythign to do with actual learning. I could go on.

I'm sorry if I sould a little over the top. To me it's like an imminent attack or invasion of a rather sacred part of what makes Canada great.


Sven
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Joined: Jul 22 2005

N.Beltov wrote:

The whole thing is premised on some rather empty headed view of "results". Teaching creative and critical thinking are excluded, by definition, because such things are virtually impossible to quantify.  That's just one example. The whole shebang goes back to a fetish for testing, endlessly, as though that has anythign to do with actual learning. I could go on.

I think the quality of a teacher depends on both quantitative and qualitative factors.

Making a qualitative assessment is not easy but it can be done.  It's not a lot different than making a qualitative assessment of a lawyer's abilities.  After working with a lawyer for a while (either as a colleague or across the table from her), I can tell whether the lawyer is skilled, average, or a moron (most are just average).  The same is true for physicians, engineers, architects, and, yes, teachers.

We all know from personal experience that there are teachers who are idiots and who have no business being in a classroom.  Is that assessment quantitative?  No.  I had one teacher who, quite properly, ended up being named the Minnesota Teacher of the Year.  He was unquestionably superlative as an instructor.  At the same time, I had a teacher who did virtually nothing but use up vital classroom oxygen.  Everyone who dealt with those two teachers knew what their relative qualitative skills were.  It wasn't a big secret.

Making teacher assessments is not easy but it's not even remotely close to being "virtually impossible".


Fidel
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Joined: Apr 29 2004

Does anyone have advice for those of us who might be considering teaching? 

bump


Caissa
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Joined: Jun 14 2006

I have a B.Ed. and have taught at the university level. What sort of advice are you looking for Fidel?


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