Naomi Klein's (Jan. 28) column: Why the Right loves a disaster

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George Victor
Naomi Klein's (Jan. 28) column: Why the Right loves a disaster

 

George Victor

Naomi's column ends: The disaster capitalists have held the reins for three decades. The time has come, once again, for disaster populism.

For those of us who have read and understand Shock Doctrine for the wonderfully revealing work that it is, "disaster populism" just begs definition.

[ 04 February 2008: Message edited by: George Victor ]

Fidel

I remember the 1990's like it was yesterday. There was a sense of hopefulness to it all. I found a job with a small startup company in Ottawa in the mid 90's, and there were contracts with Nortel as far as the eye could see. They searched high and low for new people, and some came from as far away as India, Turkey, Russia and China. We flew west to meet heads of the mother company in Mountain View, and they said they wanted to see us Canadians on a regular basis. We were made to feel like family, and that we were going to be working hard and making lots of money for the company and shareholders, which included ourselves. Newspaper and magazine articles declared those times to be capitalism's swan song. Everyone would be an E-trader or Ameritrader. The capitalist business cycle would disappear with the new prosperity. U.S. soldiers were doing body frisks at O'Hare after 9-11. And well, then the bubble burst.

I'm not sure what comes next. I think the new populism Naomi talks about could come in the form of a revival for FDR-like solutions. I think it might not come right away in the U.S. and overflow into Canadian politics. Some babblers here have expressed something similar to what American James Petras suggests, that whatever stock market losses there are will be borne by the taxpayers and workers as usual. And I think, like some, that the time for offloading the costs of disaster capitalism is coming to a head. Workers have absorbed losses since deregulation experiments gone awry since the 1980's. Something's got to give, and it could very well result in capitalism's unintended [i]swan song[/i].

Fleabitn

I see much darker times ahead, before we see the "light".

Geneva

someone gave me the Shock(tm) book, and it's official:
she's the Thomas Friedman of the Left, with her endless repetitions of a sketchy trademark thesis, and then shoehorning every available fact of recent history into it, while downplaying any counterfacts;

reads like a semi-finished Master's thesis rewritten for The Nation book club

Bubbles

That 'Shock book' must have hit a nerve,judging by your reaction.

Naomi is no Friedman, in my opinion she did a lot of work putting two and two together, like a good journalist. It is a shocking account of how she sees the events from the past. Whereas Friedman offered all kinds of snake oil, which all proofed to be just that. Naomi paints the picture and exposes the quackery for what it is, but offers no solutions.

Geneva

well, the Klein book is middling, and I finally pushed my way through it, but congratulate her on a lot of initiative and work;

but, for example: did the British voters know what they were getting in Thatcher in 1979?
--Yes: no shocks were needed to start large-scale privatizations and confrontations with miners, which were rewarded in the 1980s by her party being re-elected and re-elected and re-elected ...

re Friedman:
I think that standard is not too demeaning, the "shock" notion that Klein repeats endlessly recalls Friedman and his "world is flat" cliche;

(read Friedman's The Lexus and the Olive Tree: a quite interesting and thoughtful account of how globalization BOTH integrates everything from everywhere (ie building a Lexus) and allows the local local local (ie small cultures) to hold on more tenaciously than ever (which was actually an insight first enunciated by our McLuhan 30-40 years ago ))

the point is:
the Klein book is OK, for me the thesis is pretty weak and does not hold all the elements together,
and as a book it clearly ranks in a journalism category, well below the scholarly Chomsky / Fukuyama / Huntington level of theorizing about globalization and its effects

[ 17 February 2008: Message edited by: Geneva ]

Fidel

quote:


Originally posted by Geneva:
[b]

but, for example: did the British voters know what they were getting in Thatcher in 1979?
--Yes: no shocks were needed to start large-scale privatizations and confrontations with miners, which were rewarded in the 1980s by her party being re-elected and re-elected and re-elected ...[/b]


More Britons voted against Thatcher than for in 1987 general elections. Still, Maggie's phony majority popularity waned until the Faulklands war. As usual, political conservatives in the English-speaking countries have relied on an obsolete electoral system to force economic shock ideology on large majorities voting against them.

In the USA, Republican conservatives have had to resort to stealing elections. Milton Friedman's economic advice went begging in the Nixon administration because the doctor and the madman desired re-election. So they handed Friedman and los Chicago boys an entire South American country to experiment on instead. Chile would provide the necessary ersatz genesis fable for the new free market capitalism. And they didn't vote for it either. Commentators said after 1985 that Friedman's economics and democracy are incompatible.

N.R.KISSED

quote:


but, for example: did the British voters know what they were getting in Thatcher in 1979?
--Yes: no shocks were needed to start large-scale privatizations and confrontations with miners, which were rewarded in the 1980s by her party being re-elected and re-elected and re-elected ...

Nobody knew what to expect from maggot scratcher, they were used to the realively benign toryism of Ted Heath, who was consequently more left than anyone who has succeeded thatcher. In her first term thatcher did not introduce her most radical policies, the policies she did initiate led to economic downturn and massive unemployment. Half way through her term thatcher was exceedingly unpopular and would have likely gone down to defeat up until the Falklands war. Nothing like a wild patriotism, neo-colonial dreams and rule britania gingoism to boost her electoral prospects. The falklands crisis could have easily been resolved diplomatically but thatcher knew the military action would lead to electoral success and she won 1983 as a result. The tories renewed there tactics with a little cold war fear mongering and hysteria concerning labours nuclear arms policy to win in 1987, the public infighting in labour certainly helped. The tories have always been successful in manufacturing crisis for electoral success, even so thatcher never had over 44% of the popular vote.

quote:

(read Friedman's The Lexus and the Olive Tree: a quite interesting and thoughtful account of how globalization BOTH integrates everything from everywhere (ie building a Lexus) and allows the local local local (ie small cultures) to hold on more tenaciously than ever

So Global Capitalism integrates everything you mean like health care, and employee rights to organize and access to education, environmental protection and clean water healthy communities, or are you saying that global capitalism increases corporate rapaciousnes that clearly benefits a tiny minority of the population of this planet? The only olive trees that are allowed to grow are those that are utilized for export markets while local people starve, any other olive trees are bulldozed over to build sweatshops for exporting cheap goods to fill the shelves of walmarts. Friedman's tedious meanderings are nothing more than freemarket triumphalism and propaganda devoid of any genuine incite or the slightest reflection on the experience of the global majority.

You think Fukuyama has academic credibility I've seen more intelligent ideas in primary school social studies essays than the thesis of the end of history.

quote:

What we may be witnessing is not just the end of the Cold War, or the passing of a particular period of post-war history, but the end of history as such... That is, the end point of mankind's ideological evolution and the universalization of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government."


In his more recent work he argues that the wonders of liberal democracy are in danger of being undone by biotechnology that will lead to unprecidented inequality as though we don't have that now. Is he for real? is this science fiction? Someone should take away his crayons before he hurts himself.

Fidel

Yes, they can deny that the road to Friedman's economic philosophy was paved by shock and torture in some cases, but the historical record bears witness. In countries like Argentina, pregnant socialists who survived the torture tables either miscarried while imprisoned, or they lost newborns to military families who couldn't conceive.

[url=http://www.humanrights-geneva.info/spip.php?article2388]Their record in Argentina[/url]

Sometimes chaplains went along with military pilots on flights carrying dozens of people, socialists, union leaders, human rights activists etc. They pushed people out over the Pacific Ocean from several thousand feet. The priest's job was to console and reassure pilots that they were doing God's work.

Geneva

quote:

[b]Nobody knew what to expect from maggot scratcher, they were used to the realively benign toryism of Ted Heath, who was consequently more left than anyone who has succeeded thatcher. In her first term thatcher did not introduce her most radical policies, the policies she did initiate led to economic downturn and massive unemployment. Half way through her term thatcher was exceedingly unpopular and would have likely gone down to defeat up until the Falklands war. [/b]

au contraire: nobody confused her with Heath;
for example, as a student in Paris in the mid-1970s I met an Oxford student who explained to me in great detail the actions of the notorious Tory education critic, "Thatcher the Milk Snatcher", who had urged cutting milk from school lunches as a cost-saver;

so when she campaigned and then came to power in 1979 -- remember: in a pitched battle with the miners over the future of the country --, everyone in the UK knew a hard Right turn was coming. Everybody. No secrets there.

Not surprisingly, I checked the index of the Shock Doctrine and neither the names Scargill nor Callaghan was mentioned, as if the 1979 campaign never happened.
No need to wait until 1982 for a shock (Remember Norman Tebbitt?), although the Falklands rout may have emboldened her. And yes, Thatcher had very low poll numbers, but so did Reagan in 1981-1982, yet he recovered for a landslide re-election, and not because of Grenada's fate, that is for sure.

once again:
Klein is shoehorning cases that do not fit her thesis. Chile, very interesting thesis; but UK, wrong, does not fit. MT had a mandate to turn hard Right from 1979 onwards, and her laws on "flying strikers", closed shop, union ballots, State cost-cutting, and emergent plans for denationalizations all were launched on here election in 1979.

[ 21 February 2008: Message edited by: Geneva ]

Fidel

What's the difference whether it was a phony majority dictatorship in Britain or a U.S.-backed military one in Latin America? Democracy is the right's most hated institution. And now the property-owning democracy of Maggie Thatcher's era is coming home to roost in America. Crooks and liars.

martin dufresne

quote:


Democracy is the right's most hated institution.

Still, creating democracy is the pretext used by Western powers to define target nations "failed states" and invade them in the name of democracy, fund puppet parties and governments, etc. Democracy has long become the ideological alibi of imperialist attacks.

N.Beltov N.Beltov's picture

In my view, Fidel's claim is a little off. The [i]cosmetic elections[/i] that we have in Canada, and that take place in other countries as well, in which there are few, if any, substantial changes, are great instruments for distracting the citizenry from fighting for [b]real[/b] change. I've also read the expression "demonstration elections" ... but you get the idea. Discrediting democracy isn't all that different from discrediting a wide variety of public sector institutions and both seem to be popular on the right of the political spectrum.

[ 21 February 2008: Message edited by: N.Beltov ]

Fidel

I believe that deregulation disasters around the world, and even here in Ontario, have worked to discredit the ideology since the 1980's. Thatcher was able to blame 18% inflation on Labour's excesses and deficit spending when, in fact, it was the domino effect of world oil shocks and printing money to fund an immoral war in VietNam. The issue wasn't public ownership in Britain as Tony Benn pointed out, it was a lack of investment in infrastructure as was the case in the Soviet Union with aspiring state capitalists with their eyes on the prize: billions of dollars worth of publicly-owned assets. Yeltsin, Chubais, Gaidar, state bureaucrats didn't take much convincing by Houston oil magnates and Harvard economists.

And Thatcher's Friedmanite money policies worked to drive away foreign investment as high unemployment was becoming a permanent feature of the economy. The US Federal Reserve abandoned tight money policy about four years before the Bank of England did.

And they're doing similar in the case of Iraq and Afghanistan today. If the U.S. does experience prolonged recession, the poorest Americans will fair worse than the poorest in Europe and even Asia as a result. The political will be as popular as their ability to steal and rig elections, not in third world countries as was the case during the cold war era, but right here at home even with our obsolete electoral systems in North America favouring phony-majority dictatorship. This is the last bastion of political conservatism in the western world, and the very thing which they've purported to be spreading around the world and their own extreme right-wing ideology have never been more at odds and conflicting interests.

[ 21 February 2008: Message edited by: Fidel ]

N.R.KISSED

quote:


au contraire: nobody confused her with Heath;
for example, as a student in Paris in the mid-1970s I met an Oxford student who explained to me in great detail the actions of the notorious Tory education critic, "Thatcher the Milk Snatcher", who had urged cutting milk from school lunches as a cost-saver;

so when she campaigned and then came to power in 1979 -- remember: in a pitched battle with the miners over the future of the country --, everyone in the UK knew a hard Right turn was coming. Everybody. No secrets there.


I really don't think Thatcher's rep as education critic was enough to fortell the devastation that she would unleash. Most people were just reacting to the "winter of discontent". Of course she ran a slick campaign courtesy of Satchi and Satchi, and she had full support of the reactionary press.

There was no miners strike in 1979, the miners strike began in 1984 perhaps you are confusing it with the public service strikes under labour.

The assault on the miners, the mass privatizations, the attack on local democracy i.e. The GLC, Poll tax, etc all occured post 1983.

Also 44% is still a minority.

[ 21 February 2008: Message edited by: N.R.KISSED ]

Geneva

OK, in 1979 there was no MINERS strike, but strikes galore of every other kind in the famous "winter of discontent" that killed Labour and brought the Iron Lady to power:
and to repeat the obvious: Everybody knew she was tough as nails and anti-union to the core, and a hard Right turn was coming. Everyone:
[url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/3067563.stm]http://news.bbc.co.uk...

[i] ...in 1978 Labour Prime Minister James Callaghan made the political miscalculation that would put his party out of office for a generation. Rather than hold an election later that year, he decided to soldier on to the following spring.

Thanks to the delay, his government ran into the now legendary "winter of discontent". It ran through the first three months of 1979; its effects lasted far longer.

Public sector workers were out on strike for weeks. Uncollected mountains of rubbish piled high in the cities, Green Goddesses were on the streets, and bodies remained unburied. The latter happened in one city, Liverpool, but became an emblem of the chaos inflicted on the public by the unions.

Stage set for Thatcher

It was disastrous for the government. Labour had always been able to present its close relations with the unions as an asset that allowed it to deal with them effectively; that relationship had now become a liability.

At the May 1979 election Mrs Thatcher squeaked into Downing Street with a 30-seat majority.[/i]

[ 22 February 2008: Message edited by: Geneva ]

Geneva

re 1979, see also;
[url=http://tinyurl.com/3csnru]http://tinyurl.com/3csnru[/url]

[i]However, it was the 1978-79 ‘winter of discontent’, when public service, council and many other workers engaged in a concerted, but politically leaderless strike wave, that effectively led to the collapse of the government, burying the social contract once and for all.
This led directly to the election of Thatcher’s Tories in May 1979, with a clear majority and an evident determination to embark on new, and decisive, attacks on the working class.[/i]

[ 22 February 2008: Message edited by: Geneva ]

Fidel

Maggie's conservatives received 31% of eligible vote at the height of Tory popularity in 1983. She bought coal from communist Poland and pauperized a nation with Friedmanite monetarism. I think Naomi is correct about a certain large minority of Britons were sucked into believing the "property-owning democracy" pack of lies emanating from the Tory Party at the time. She was most popular when waging war on the Falklands. She put the muscle on a country experiencing financial hardship in paying debts to world banksters.

N.R.KISSED

quote:


and to repeat the obvious: Everybody knew she was tough as nails and anti-union to the core, and a hard Right turn was coming. Everyone:


You continue to make this assertion with very little evidence, i don't think a conversation with some oxford grad about her reputation counts. Vague references to her ideological inclinations were certainly not indicative of the extent of her program. It also is not valid evidence citing people's comments about thatcher in retrospect. If you can find 1979 campaign literature or anything else that outlines Thathcers program in full I would like to see it. Thatcher's victory was not due to the public embracing a well defined neo-liberal agenda but due to a rejection of what they thought was labour incompetence and frustrations with strikes. Yes there was anti-union sentiment but most people neither expected or desired the full scale devastation of public service and the manufacturing industries. I know many people in Britain and many that are more politically astute and aware I don't think even they saw the full extent of what was coming, to suggest the average person saw it is ridiculous.

Thathcerism was the beginning of the neo-lib/neo-con full scale assault on every gain that the left had made in post-war Britain. It was an assault on the social programs, education, health care, and all government programs and spending,it was an assault on the concept of wealth distribution and equity, it also involved mass privatization and sell offs of public assets as well as an assault on the collective will being expressed through government, in effect it was an assault on democracy. How many people were talking about neo-cons or neo-libs back in 1979, if everyone knew it was coming certainly they would fully know what to expect. If people knew what to expect you could provide evidence from the time of people talking about this sort of agenda.people other than those that were already proponents and fans of the chicago school.

Even if you don't accept the realities of history the electoral reality was that thathcer never had the support of the majority of the populace.

The point that Klein makes is that the Neo-liberal agenda has never been supported the majority of the electorate. The agenda is always hidden behind manufactured crisis,be it the Falklands or cold war hysteria and obfuscated through relentless proganda of the corporate press. Brian Mulroney shared the ideology of thatcher but was unable to institute a similar program it needed to be introduced sureptitiously by a liberal government under the auspices of controlling the manufactured debt crisis.

Klein is talking about the neo-lib assault on gains made by the left, I really don't think it matters if she at times stretches the shock metaphor, clearly the tactics and methods of neo-libs have been devastatingly similar and destructive around the globe. Kleins work clearly demarks the impact that neo-liberalim had on the inhabitants of this planet something that pseudo scientific rants and gibberish of economists ignore.

Stephen Gordon

[url=http://www.psr.keele.ac.uk/area/uk/man/con79.htm]1979 Conservative manifesto.[/url]

eta - The first lines of the forward, written by Thatcher:

quote:

FOR ME, THE HEART OF POLITICS is not political theory, it is people and how they want to live their lives.

No one who has lived in this country during the last five years can fail to be aware of how the balance of our society has been increasingly tilted in favour of the State at the expense of individual freedom.

This election may be the last chance we have to reverse that process, to restore the balance of power in favour of the people. It is therefore the most crucial election since the war.

Together with the threat to freedom there has been a feeling of helplessness, that we are a once great nation that has somehow fallen behind and that it is too late now to turn things round.

I don't accept that. 1 believe we not only can, we must. This manifesto points the way.


[ 22 February 2008: Message edited by: Stephen Gordon ]

N.R.KISSED

Funny when I wrote that last bit I was wondering if you might respond. You must have some kind of bat signal that goes up or something

Stephen Gordon

No, I thought your point was a fair one: the real test would be what Thatcher was actually saying in 1979, not our almost-30-year-old recollections. So I went digging in Wikipedia.

The 1979 manifesto is definitely a break from the past; check out the [url=http://www.psr.keele.ac.uk/area/uk/man/con74oct.htm]October 1974 manifesto.[/url]

N.R.KISSED

From the manifesto much hilarity

quote:

But it sets out a broad framework for the recovery of our country, based not on dogma, but On reason, on common sense, above all on the liberty of the people under the law.


hahahahaha coming from the people who put the I in Ideologue.

quote:

One result is that the trade union movement, which sprang from a deep and genuine fellow-feeling for the brotherhood of man, is today more distrusted and feared than ever before.


now there is an honest sentiment

quote:

prevents them from governing successfully in a free society and mixed economy.

and thatcher was all about the mixed economy

quote:

Our country's relative decline is not inevitable. We in the Conservative Party think we can reverse it, not because we think we have all the answers but because we think we have the one answer that matters most. We want to work with the grain of human nature, helping people to help themselves - and others. This is the way to restore that self-reliance and self-confidence which are the basis of personal responsibility and national success.

the false humility is a killer

We want to help people by making the unemployed and homeless

quote:

Important savings can be made in several ways. We will scrap expensive Socialist programmes, such as the nationalisation of building land. We shall reduce government intervention in industry and particularly that of the National Enterprise Board, whose borrowing powers are planned to reach Ј4.5 billion. We shall ensure that selective assistance to industry is not wasted, as it was in the case of Labour's assistance to certain oil platform yards, on which over Ј20 million of public money was spent but no orders received.

No mention of privatization here, only plans to scrap nationalization of building land, no mention of fire sale of public assets to tory chums.

quote:

TRADE UNION REFORM

Free trade unions can only flourish in a free society. A strong and responsible trade union movement could play a big part in our economic recovery.


See how they really loved the unions it was all Arthur Scargill's fault

quote:

I. PICKETING

Workers involved in a dispute have a right to try peacefully to persuade others to support them by picketing, ... Violence, intimidation and obstruction cannot be tolerated.


Violence and intimidation remain the sole right of government in the guise of police and military and agent provateurs

quote:

NATIONALISATION

The British people strongly oppose Labour's plans to nationalise yet more firms and industries such as building, banking, insurance, pharmaceuticals and road haulage. More nationalisation would further impoverish us and further undermine our freedom. We will offer to sell back to private ownership the recently nationalised aerospace and shipbuilding concerns

We want to see those industries that remain nationalised running more successfully and we will therefore interfere less with their management and set them a clearer financial discipline in which to work.


We can see that privatization plans were very limited nothing close to what was carried out.

quote:

It is not our intention to reduce spending on the Health Service

Yeah right

For the most part the document is pure rhetoric, which is not surprising for any manifesto, however it is quite clear that what is outlined is exceedingly modest in comparison to the policies thst were instituted. To say that "everyone knew what was coming" if anyone had accurately predicted what thatcherites had planned at the time they would have been dismissed as paranoid radicals.

N.R.KISSED

quote:


No, I thought your point was a fair one:

I'm not sure we're allowed to agree [img]biggrin.gif" border="0[/img]

Stephen Gordon

quote:


Originally posted by N.R.KISSED:
We can see that privatization plans were very limited nothing close to what was carried out.

Privatisation was a theme of the [url=http://www.psr.keele.ac.uk/area/uk/man/con83.htm]1983 campaign[/url], and it mainly happened in the second mandate. The sale of British Telecom took place in 1984.

[ 22 February 2008: Message edited by: Stephen Gordon ]

N.R.KISSED

quote:


Privatisation was a theme of the 1983 campaign, and it mainly happened in the second mandate. The sale of British Telecom took place in 1984.

That is fully in line with the point I was making that the more radical components of thathcerism came later, after 1983 an election that was called at the height of Falklands war victory party.

Stephen Gordon

But it was a continuation of what she was already doing.

N.R.KISSED

I'm not arguing that the thatcherites didn't have a clear agenda in their own minds, I am saying that they did not make it clear to the general public. It is again with hind site we can see the continuum as sequitorial. The general point that Klein was making is that the neo-liberal agenda clearly explicated has never been a source of broad electoral support.

Stephen Gordon

I don't see it. Privatisation was hardly mentioned in the 1979 manifesto, and not much happened in the first mandate. It was mentioned in 1983, and the main wave of privatisations occurred in the second mandate.

I don't see a significant disconnect between what she said she would do and what she ended up doing.

Fidel

NeoLiberalism is 18th-19th century economic Liberalism made new again and defined by: piracy, warfiteering, plundering the environment and labour to benefit trading companies or modern day multinational corporations.

Are there alternatives? Absolutely, and the most empowering alternatives include full democratization of the global political and economic system, or in other words, socialism. There are thousands of alternatives.

N.R.KISSED

quote:


I don't see it. Privatisation was hardly mentioned in the 1979 manifesto, and not much happened in the first mandate. It was mentioned in 1983, and the main wave of privatisations occurred in the second mandate.
I don't see a significant disconnect between what she said she would do and what she ended up doing.

I don't necessarily believe that manifesto can be taken at face value as a genuine reflection of a political agenda. Manifestos are a marketing tool that are meant to set the stage for the implimentation of an agenda, the manifesto will use spin and outright lies if necessary.

The point I am making is that the thatcherites were full blown fans of Friedman, they were well aware of what they wanted but they knew it wouldn't be politically popular at least not in the context of 1979. It has been Geneva's contention that "everyone" knew about the thatcherites intentions, considering the way they were presenting themselves at the time I don't find that too believable. The thatcherites kept their agenda obscured so they could win the election they were re-elected due to the Falkland's. I suppose they might have one without the help of the Falklands but that is unlikely.

Fidel

Even in '83, more Britons who did vote voted [i]against[/i] the Tories than voted for them or anything they promised or did not promise to do.

Similarly, a larger majority of Canadians who did vote voted [i]against[/i] Brian Mulroney's big blue baloney machine in 1988 than voted for them. The result was FTA a year later.

And just as frustrating for Canadian voters in 1993 was that the majority of us voted [i]for[/i] Chretien's Liberals and NDP, because the Liberals made themselves out to be the most virulently anti-Mulroney, anti-FTA and anti-GST political force. The result was NAFTA in 1994. Needless to say, Canadian voter turnouts declined in the decade of the 90's.

NeoLiberalism in North America and UK was all about forcing through deregulation and privatization in the absence of democracy.

[ 22 February 2008: Message edited by: Fidel ]

Stephen Gordon

quote:


Originally posted by N.R.KISSED:
I don't necessarily believe that manifesto can be taken at face value as a genuine reflection of a political agenda. Manifestos are a marketing tool that are meant to set the stage for the implimentation of an agenda, the manifesto will use spin and outright lies if necessary.

Certainly, but it would appear that the gap between what Thatcher said she would do and what she ended up doing is not egregiously wider than usual among those who win elections. She can be criticised on many points, but being not being clear about her intentions is probably very low on that list.

Fidel

It's like sweeping changes to the Bank of Canada Act in 1991. While socialists in Venezuela put democratization of the bank to a referendum last year, Brian Mulroney's Conservatives never thought to mention privatizing what remained of government money creation in either election campaign. They just kind of rammed it through parliament without any political debate from opposition parties. I think the decision for Canadian taxpayers to clap monetary shackles of servitude on ourselves came from Switzerland at the start of 1990's. It could have been one of those banking institutions that was accused of money laundering for the Nazis or some such in the 1930's and which international banksters sort of laid low for a few decades after Bretton-Woods. Democracy-shmockracy.